Which Clef Registers The Higher Notes

INSTRUMENT CLEF(s) WRITTEN RANGE (C4=middle C) SOUNDING (transposition) ...than written COMMENTS WOODWINDS

D4-C7 C: 1 octave higher
Db: minor 9th college or

C4-D7 Professional model flutes may employ awhich allows them to play one/ii step lower.
At that place are a few isolated instances of a low Bb in the flute literature simply these are rare.

C4-C7 a Perfect quaternary lower The

Alto Flute is sometimes incorrectly referred to equally a Bass Flute. There are also a number of other designs for low-pitched flutes which are non generally used in an orchestra except for special situations.

Bb3-A6

Bb3-E6 a modest 3rd lower

B3-G6 a Perfect 5th lower

written in alto clef at concert pitch in certain Russian scores. It is similar in pitch and tone to the earlier instrument, Oboe da caccia.

A3-G6 1 octave lower

E3-C7 Bb: a whole footstep lower
A: a minor third lower
D: a whole pace college
Eb: a modest 3rd college

C3-G6 a Perfect 5th lower

and

Eb3(or C3)-G6 a 9th lower;
a whole step lower when written in bass clef
Treble clef in Bb transposition is preferred mod notation. Professional models can play downwards to concert B-flat below the bass staff (written C3).
In that location are examples in the classical literature, peculiarly in 19th century works, for Bass Clarinet in A or C and written in bass clef or a mixture of bass and treble clefs. This is not advisable for the mod composer every bit these instruments are rare to non-existent and this will only cause issues for the thespian involved.

Bb1-Eb5 The bassoonist, like the oboe player, will spend a lot of time on the craft of reed making as all reeds are handmade.
(photos contributed by Kyle Szczepaniak)

Bb1-Bb4 1 octave lower Utilise of tenor clef for contrabassoon is rare.

Bb3-G6 Bb soprano: a whole pace lower
Eb alto: a 6th lower
Bb tenor: a 9th lower
Eb baritone: 1 octave+6th lower
Bb bass: one octave+9th lower At one fourth dimension there were a family of saxophones in F and C but they are no longer manufactured.

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BRASS Clef(s) Written Sounding (double horn)

F#2-C6 a Perfect 5th lower Horns may be written in a number transpositions: C, D, Eb, E, F, Chiliad, A alto, Bb alto, Bb basso, B(rare)
Among horn players, transpositions are spoken of in terms of the Horn in F (ex. Horn in Eb is a whole step lower)
Orchestral horns accept a double tubing organisation constructed for cardinal tones in F and Bb. in Bb

and
in F

Bb: C3-G5
F: F2-D5
Tuben or Wagner tubas are played past horn players. Note that valves are played with the left hand.
The sounding pitch of a Bb tenor instrument playing from a function written in treble clef should be a 9th beneath the written note. Nonetheless, the practical realizations of hornists are not entirely consistent on this point. ex. Stravinsky, Rite of Spring.
Tuben also have parts written in East-flat (sounding a 6th lower than written) in The Band of the Niebelungen.

F#3-D6 C: (as written)
Bb: a whole stride lower
A: a minor 3rd lower
G: a Perfect 5th higher
F: a Perfect 4th higher
Eastward: a major 3rd higher

Eb: a small-scale 3rd higher

D: a whole step higher for a detailed caption of trumpet characteristics, come across Del Mar, Anatomy of the Orchestra

F#3-G5 Bb: a minor 7th college
A: major sixth college sometimes written F#4-G6
Bb: sounding i step lower
A: sounding a minor 3rd lower Trumpet family:
cylindrical and conical

*see note regarding clef for bass trumpet [cylindrical] [conical] Clarino Trumpet: for baroque period and earlier; before the invention of valves.
Trumpets with rotary valves are generally used for 19th century orchestral works.
Trumpet in F: very common in 19th century works for military bands. Come across Rimsky-Korsakov use of F and Eb alto trumpets.
Bass trumpet: plays in treble clef in Bb or in *bass clef (sometimes tenor). Frequently played past a trombone histrion.Bb Cornet: transposition and playing range, basically the aforementioned every bit Bb Trumpet. Often used in pairs with trumpets.
Flugelhorn: same as Bb trumpet but not for upper range. More mellow sound, softer.
Posthorn: non generally for orchestral works just posthorn (with valves) is scored in Mahler Symphony No. 3.
Pocket trumpet: in Bb, generally poor sound and intonation.

A2-G5 Used primarily, but not exclusively, in 18th and 19th century German orchestral works.

*treble (come across annotation) E2-F5 *a 9th lower, when written in treble clef as a Bb transposing instrument. Pedal tones G1-Bb1 are possible.

Apply of the valve chosen the F-trigger engages an additional length of tubing and facilitates pitches from F2 down to C2, or B1 with the F-slide extended.

*British Brass Band music for Trombones in Bb is written in treble clef where the sounding pitch is a 9th below the written pitch.

Bb1-Bb4 Trombones, especially Bass Trombones come up in a diverseness of design configurations co-ordinate to manufacturer.

Ab0-C5 Although the name implies an octave transposition - equally in contrabassoon or contrabass - the contrabass trombone plays at concert pitch, no transposition. It is primarily chosen for in a few select works of Wagner, Strauss, Schoenberg and Puccini.
Instruments are built with primal tones of F, E-flat, BBb, and others in first position. The shape and blueprint varies from straight with slide handle extension to double valve and double slide models. The chioce of which instrument is well-nigh appropriate in any given situation is the players chioce.
There is no standard configuration of tubing for Contrabass trombones.

D1-F4 Orchestral tubas play at concert pitch regardless of the pitch of a particular musical instrument.
In the British brass ring tradition,

Eb and Bb tubas are written in treble clef.

The Eb tubas audio 1 octave+a sixth beneath the written annotation while the Bb tubas sound 2 octaves lower than written. The Bb tubas are technically BBb (double-Bb) tubas.

The F Tuba is a smaller, lighter instrument primarily used for solos.

Prior to the invention of the modernistic tuba in 1835, the ophecleide may take been used.

sometimes tenor Bb1-Bb4 in bass Bb: a whole step lower in bass every bit a transposing instrument,
a ninth lower in treble

Both the German style Tenor tuba and English style Euphonium are common. They are identical in pitch and therefore interchangeable for all practical purposes. This musical instrument should non be confused with the Bb or F Wagner tuba (also called tenor tuba) played by horn players, though they take a like appearance. Note that valves on the tenor tuba/euphonium are played with the right hand.
When writing for this musical instrument in bass clef, it is advisable to notate at concert pitch. Tenor clef may likewise be used.
In orchestral works prior to the mid-20th century, the euphonium written in bass clef oft employs B-flat transposition. This is not advisable in mod note.

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PERCUSSION Clef(s) Written Sounding

standard ready of 4 drums

20": F3‑C4
23": D3‑A3
26‑25": Bb2‑F3
29‑28": F2‑C3
32‑thirty": D2‑A2

in some cases of older note, timpani is written in C with the root pitch indicated (ex. Timpani in D)

F3-C7 i octave college

(C2 to A2)-C7

G3-C6 2 octaves higher when notes exceed the range of the instrument the constructive transposition is 1 octave college.

The glockenspiel typically used past marching bands is the same instrument but has two fewer notes on the bottom and three fewer on the top; mounted in a lyre-type frame.

F3-F6

C4-F5 individual chimes may extend the range of a standard set of chimes

E3-E6 1 octave lower Guitar, every bit with whatsoever cord musical instrument, may extend the upper range depending on the histrion's power.

Cb1-F#7

Harp pedals operate a machinery past which each pedal changes the pitch of all of the strings of that pitch class: D-C-B--Due east-F-Chiliad-A

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KEYBOARD Clef(southward) Written Sounding

A0-C8

C3-C7 1 octave higher This instrument is sometimes refered to as the Mustel celeste in sure works of Tchaikowsky. Mustel was the original manufacturer.

The Keyboard Glockenspiel is similar in audio and appearance to the celesta just smaller.

F1-F6

F1-F6 The harmonium is a small portable organ.

grand staff
+ pedal staff C2-C7 (on tracker organs)
Pedals C2-G4 (F4 on German organs) Manuals, as written (tin be 1 octave lower or 2 octaves higher with registration); Pedals, ane octave lower (can exist upwards to 1 octave higher with registration. These ranges too apply to electronic organs that are designed to simulate pipe organs; not classical electronic organs often accept shorter than standard manual and pedal keyboards. (contrib. Randall Wilkins)

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STRINGS Clef(s)/Tuning Written Sounding

treble clef is too called violin clef G3-A7 no transposition, excepting scordatura

C3-E6 no transposition, excepting scordatura

C2-C6

The Viola da Gamba is similar in size to the cello only has 6 strings. Information technology may be played past a cellist but usually by a gamba specialist. It is used in baroque period music.