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European Parliament election

Political seats configuration for the 9th legislature of the European Parliament (2019-2024):

 European People's Party Grouping (EPP)

 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)

 European Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA)

 Identity and Democracy (ID)

 European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL)

 European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR)

 Non-Inscrits (NI)

 Vacant

Elections to the European Parliament take identify every v years by universal adult suffrage; with more than than 400 million people eligible to vote, they are considered the 2d largest autonomous elections in the world after India's.^[1]

Until 2019, 751 MEPs^[2] were elected to the European Parliament, which has been directly elected since 1979. Since the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU in 2020, the number of MEPs, including the president, has been 705.^[3] No other EU institution is directly elected, with the Quango of the Eu and the European Quango being just indirectly legitimated through national elections.^[iv] While European political parties have the right to campaign EU-broad for the European elections,^[v] campaigns still take place through national election campaigns, advertising national delegates from national parties.

Apportionment [edit]

The allocation of seats to each fellow member state is based on the principle of degressive proportionality, so that, while the size of the population of each country is taken into account, smaller states elect more than MEPs than is proportional to their populations. As the numbers of MEPs to be elected past each country have arisen from treaty negotiations, there is no precise formula for the apportionment of seats amongst member states. No change in this configuration tin can occur without the unanimous consent of all governments.^{[6] [7]}

European Parliament Circulation changes between the Treaty of Nice and the Treaty of Lisbon (as calculated for purposes of the 2009 European Elections)
Member state	2007 Nice	2009 Nice	2014 Lisbon	2014 c + Republic of croatia		Member country	2007 Dainty	2009 Nice	2014 Lisbon	2014 c + Republic of croatia		Fellow member state	2007 Squeamish	2009 Nice	2014 Lisbon	2014 c + Croatia
Germany	99	99	96	96		Czech republic	24	22	22	21		Slovakia	14	thirteen	13	13
France	78	72	74	74		Greece	24	22	22	21		Croatia	–	–	–	11
United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland a	78	72	73	73		Hungary	24	22	22	21		Ireland	13	12	12	11
Italy	78	72	73	73		Portugal	24	22	22	21		Lithuania	13	12	12	11
Spain	54	50	54	54		Sweden	xix	18	20	20		Latvia	nine	viii	9	eight
Poland	54	fifty	51	51		Austria	18	17	19	18		Slovenia	7	7	8	8
Romania	35	33	33	32		Bulgaria	18	17	18	17		Cyprus	6	vi	half dozen	half dozen
Netherlands	27	25	26	26		Finland	fourteen	13	thirteen	13		Estonia	6	six	vi	6
Belgium	24	22	22	21		Denmark	14	13	thirteen	thirteen		Luxembourg	half dozen	6	6	6
Italicised countries are divided into sub-national constituencies. a Included Gibraltar, but not any other BOT (including the SBAs), nor the Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom and Gibraltar left the European Matrimony on 31 Jan 2020. b The speaker is not counted officially, thus leaving 750 MEPs. c Every bit proposed by European Parliament on 13 March 2013.[8]
												Malta	five	v	6	half-dozen
												Total:	785	736	751 b	751 b

Voting arrangement [edit]

There is no uniform voting system for the election of MEPs; rather, each member state is free to choose its ain system, subject to sure restrictions:^[vi]

• The organisation must be a form of proportional representation, under either the party list or the unmarried transferable vote system.
• The electoral area may be subdivided if this will not generally impact the proportional nature of the electoral system.^[9]

Voting difference by land [edit]

Most of the fellow member states of the European Matrimony elect their MEPs with a single constituency roofing the unabridged state, using party-list proportional representation. There is however a smashing variety of balloter procedures: some countries apply a highest averages method of proportional representation, some employ the largest residual method, some open lists and others closed. In addition, the method of computing the quota and the election threshold vary from country to land. Countries with multiple constituencies are:

• Belgium is split into 3 constituencies: the Dutch-speaking electoral college, the French-speaking electoral higher, and the German-speaking electoral college. The first two of these elect their MEPs using party list PR, only the German-speaking constituency just has 1 member, who is therefore not elected past a proportional method.
• Republic of Ireland is dissever into three constituencies and uses the Single transferable vote.
• The Uk, historically up until its go out from the Union, was separate into constituencies representing Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and each of the regions of England. Northern Ireland used the single transferable vote while the other constituencies used party lists.

Germany, Italian republic and Poland apply a unlike system, whereby parties are awarded seats based on their nationwide vote as in all of the states that elect members from a unmarried constituency; these seats are given to the candidates on regional lists. With the number of seats for each party known, these are given to the candidates on the regional lists based on the number of votes from each region towards the party's nationwide total, awarded proportionally to the regions. These subdivisions are non strictly constituencies, as they do not decide how many seats each political party is awarded, merely are districts that the members represent one time elected. The number of members for each region is decided dynamically after the election, and depends on voter turnout in each region. A region with high turnout will result in more than votes for the parties in that location, which will result in a greater number of MEPs elected for that region.^[10]

Europarties [edit]

The European Union has a multi-party system involving a number of ideologically diverse Europarties. Equally no one Europarty has ever gained power lonely, their affiliated parliamentary groups must work with each other to pass legislation. Since no pan-European government is formed as a event of the European elections, long-term coalitions take never occurred.

Europarties accept the exclusive right to entrada for the European elections; their parliamentary groups are strictly forbidden to campaign and to spend funds on any campaign-related activity. Campaign activities differ per land since national elections for European Parliament representatives are governed by national laws. For instance, a European party can purchase unlimited advertising airtime in Estonia while it is barred from any course of paid advertizing in Sweden.^[11]

For the 2014 EP election, Europarties decided to put forward a candidate for President of the European Committee. Each candidate led the pan-European campaign of the Europarty. While no legal obligation exists to force the European Council to advise the candidate of the strongest political party to the EP, it was assumed that the Council would have no other choice than to take the voters' determination. Therefore, following the victory of the European People'southward Party in the 2014 EP ballot, its lead candidate Jean-Claude Juncker^[12] was elected President of the European Committee.

The 2 major parties are the centre-right European People's Party and the eye-left Party of European Socialists. They form the ii largest groups, (called EPP and Human foot respectively) along with other smaller parties. There are numerous other groups, including democratic socialists, greens, regionalists, conservatives, liberals and eurosceptics. Together they course the seven recognised groups in the parliament.^[13] MEPs that are not members of groups are known as not-inscrits.

Voter behaviour [edit]

A 1980 analysis past Karlheinz Reif and Hermann Schmitt concluded that European elections were fought on national bug and used past voters to punish their governments mid-term, making European Parliament elections de facto national elections of second rank.^[14] This phenomenon is also referred to past some experts every bit the "punishment traps," wherein voters apply the European Parliament elections and other European integration referendums as penalty for governments on business relationship of bad economic performance.^[15] There is also a report that showed how voters tend to choose candidates of a party at the European level if information technology has a history of advancing specific issues that they care virtually.^[xvi] This is related to the second theory that explains voter behavior and it involves the so-called attitude voting in which voters are assumed to be acting on the basis of their attitude towards the European integration.^[15] This is analogous to the American ii-political party system in the sense that voting on bug and legislation in the Parliament only requires a aye or no vote, which means voter vote for options or candidates that are close to their ideals.

Turnout had constantly fallen in every EU election from 1979 until 2014. The 2019 election, however, saw turnout increment to its highest level since 1994, at 51%. In 2009, the overall turnout was at 43%, down from 45.five% in 2004. In Britain the turnout was just 34.3%, downward from 38% in 2004. Despite falling beneath fifty% betwixt 1999 and 2014, turnout was not as low every bit that of the US Midterm elections, which ordinarily falls below 40%. Withal, the comparing with the United states voter turnout is hampered due to the fact that the The states President is elected in carve up and direct elections (presidential system), whereas the President of the European Commission is elected by the European Parliament (parliamentary arrangement), giving the European Parliament elections considerable weight. Some, such every bit former President of the European Parliament, Pat Cox, accept besides noted that turnout in the 1999 election was higher than the previous US presidential election.^{[17] [18]} German MEP Jo Leinen has suggested that European union parties name their top candidate for the position of President of the European Commission in order to increase turnout.^{[nineteen] [20] [21]} This happened for the 2014 election, with EPP candidate Jean Claude Juncker ultimately selected, after the EPP won the about seats overall.

Results [edit]

Historical percentage results in union-wide elections of the three major groups by region.^[22]

Region	1979	1984	1989	1994	1999	2004	2009	2014	2019
Northern[23]	3.6	6.iii	6.3	22	35.3	31.2	x.9
	3.6	two.vii	four.5	vi.8	16.7	18.i	20.3
	23.2	33	45.v	56.8	27.6	23.9	21
Western[24]	33.half-dozen	30.nine	26.7	31.nine	36.iv	34.9	37.3
	6.5	10.half dozen	12	8.5	5.2	11.nine	12.5
	34.1	32.7	32.7	29.9	27.9	30.2	xx.8
Southern[25]	37	34.3	29.6	25.9	39.8	38.2	45.two
	6.2	4.8	9.v	8.5	5	7.ix	five
	xvi	21	29.1	29.9	30.eight	33	35
Central and South-Eastern[26]	-	-	-	-	-	46.4	41
	-	-	-	-	-	14.3	10
	-	-	-	-	-	21.4	23.7
Total	26	25.iii	23.4	27.vii	37.2	36.9	36
	9.8	7.i	9.v	seven.6	viii	12.4	11.four
	27.half dozen	30	34.two	34.9	28.eight	28.3	25
Turnout of registered voters[27]	61.99	58.98	58.41	56.67	49.51	45.47	42.97	42.61	50.66

Legend:  Socialist (Pes/South&D) –  Liberal (ELDR/ALDE) –  People'southward (EPP/EPP-ED)

Percent turnout of registered voters in previous elections^{[28] [29]}

Results by member land [edit]

Election	1979	1984	1989	1994	1999	2004	2009	2014	2019
Belgium	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Kingdom of denmark	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
France	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Germany	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Ireland	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Italy	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Grand duchy of luxembourg	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Netherlands	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
United Kingdom	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Greece	-	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Portugal	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Spain	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Austria	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Finland	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Sweden	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Cyprus	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Czech republic	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Estonia	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Republic of hungary	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Latvia	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Lithuania	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Republic of malta	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Poland	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Slovakia	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Slovenia	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Bulgaria	-	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results
Romania	-	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results
Croatia	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results

Off-year [edit]

1981

• Hellenic republic

1987

• Spain
• Portugal

1995

• Sweden

1996

• Austria
• Finland

2007

• Romania
• Republic of bulgaria

2013

• Croatia

By-elections in the Great britain [edit]

1979

• London S West

1987

• Midlands W

1988

• Hampshire Cardinal

1996

• Merseyside W

1998

• Yorkshire South
• Due north East Scotland

Proposed reforms [edit]

Every bit of 2011^[update] reforms past Liberal Democrat MEP Andrew Duff are beingness considered by Parliament, which are seen every bit the most significant overhaul of the electoral system since elections began. 25 extra MEPs would be added on a transnational European listing with its candidates existence selected past the European political party groups rather than national member parties. The candidate lists would have to represent a third of member states and are seen as a mode to personalise and dramatise the elections to re-engage an apathetic electorate. Duff sees the next Commission President possibly coming from the transnational list. Duff's proposals also include a single balloter roll, regular reapportioning of seats, one fix of immunity rules and the property of elections in May rather than June. Yet, due to a waning of support and possible opposition from member states, Duff has taken the proposal back to committee to become broader support before putting them before the plenary in autumn 2011.^[30]

Commission President [edit]

Ballot	Largest Group	President	Party
1994	PES	Jacques Santer	EPP
1999	EPP-ED	Romano Prodi	ELDR
2004	EPP	José Manuel Barroso	EPP
2009	EPP	José Manuel Barroso	EPP
2014	EPP	Jean-Claude Juncker	EPP

The 3rd Delors Committee had a short mandate, to bring the terms of the Commission in line with that of the Parliament. Under the European Constitution the European Council would have to take into business relationship the results of the latest European elections and, furthermore, the Parliament would ceremonially "elect", rather than just approve, the Quango'south proposed candidate. This was taken as the parliament's cue to have its parties run with candidates for the President of the European Committee with the candidate of the winning party beingness proposed past the Quango.^[31]

This was partly put into practice in 2004 when the European Council selected a candidate from the political party that won that yr's ballot. Withal at that time only one political party had run with a specific candidate: the European Green Party, who had the commencement truthful pan-European political political party with a common campaign,^[32] put forward Daniel Cohn-Bendit.^[31] However the fractious nature of the other political parties led to no other candidates, the People'south Party only mentioned four or five people they'd like to be President.^[33] The Constitution failed ratification but these amendments have been carried over to the Treaty of Lisbon, which came into force in 2009.

At that place are plans to strengthen the European political parties^[21] in order for them to propose candidates for the 2009 election.^{[20] [34]} The European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party have already indicated, in their Oct 2007 congress, their intention for forward a candidate for the mail as part of a common campaign.^[35] They failed to do so even so the European People's Political party did select Barroso as their candidate and, as the largest party, Barroso's term was renewed. The Socialists, disappointed at the 2009 election, agreed to put forward a candidate for Commission President at all subsequent elections. There is a campaign within that political party to have open primaries for said candidate.^[36]

In February 2008, President Barroso admitted at that place was a trouble in legitimacy and that, despite having the aforementioned legitimacy equally Prime Ministers in theory, in practice it was not the case. The depression turnout creates a problem for the President'south legitimacy, with the lack of a "European political sphere", but analysis claim that if citizens were voting for a listing of candidates for the mail of president, plough out would be much higher than that seen in contempo years.^[37]

With the Lisbon Treaty now in-force, Europarties are obliged from at present-on to put forward a candidate for President of the European Commission; each Presidential candidate volition, in fact, lead the pan-European entrada of the Europarty.

The President of the European Parliament Jerzy Buzek proposed in 2010 that Commissioners be directly elected, by fellow member states placing their candidate at the top of their voting lists in European elections. That would give them individually, and the body as a whole, a autonomous mandate.^[38]

Eligibility [edit]

Logo and slogan of the European Parliament election 2014: Act. React. Impact.

Each Fellow member Land has different rules determining who can vote for and run equally the European Parliamentary candidates. In Spain 5 United kingdom, the European Court of Justice held that member states are permitted to extend the franchise to not-Eu citizens.^[39]

Every Eu citizen residing in an EU land of which he/she is non a national has the right to vote and to stand equally a candidate in European Parliamentary elections in his/her state of residence, under the same conditions as nationals of that country - this correct is enshrined in Article 39 of the Lease of Fundamental Rights of the European Marriage. In addition, the right to vote is included in Articles 20(ane) and 22(ane) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Wedlock. To this extent all Eu countries keep electoral registers containing the names of all eligible voters in the specific region, to which eligible newcomers to the area tin can apply at any time to accept their names added. European union citizens are and so eligible to vote for the elapsing of their stay in that country.

Information technology is therefore possible for a person to take the choice of voting in more than one EU member state. For case, a Portuguese citizen who studies at university in France and lives at home outside term-fourth dimension in the family home in the netherlands has the selection of voting in the European Parliamentary ballot in France, Portugal or kingdom of the netherlands. In this scenario, although the Portuguese citizen qualifies to vote in three EU fellow member states, he/she is only permitted to cast 1 vote in one of the member states.

Member country	Eligible voters	Eligible candidates
Austria	Austrian citizens who are aged 16 or over on polling day and resident in Republic of austria. Austrian citizens who are aged xvi or over on polling twenty-four hours, resident abroad, and take submitted a notification to be listed in the balloter register of the Austrian district they were a resident of. Eu citizens anile 16 or over, resident in Austria, and have submitted a notification to be listed in the balloter register of the Austrian district they are a resident of.	Same as on the left; the passive voting age is xviii instead of 16.[40]
Belgium	Belgian citizens anile xviii or over on polling day resident in Kingdom of belgium and entered in the population register of a Belgian commune.[41] Belgian citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident outside Kingdom of belgium, who accept sent an application to vote to the Belgian diplomatic or consular postal service in their state of residence up to sixteen days before polling mean solar day. European Matrimony citizens resident in Belgium, aged 18 or over on polling day, entered in the population annals or in the foreigners' register of their commune of residence and enrolled in the balloter annals.[42] Voting is compulsory and declining to vote tin lead to a fine of up to €137.50.[43]	European Matrimony citizens aged 21 or over on polling solar day who speak French, Dutch or German.[44]
Bulgaria	Bulgarian citizens who have attained the historic period of xviii years by polling day, accept resided in the Republic of Bulgaria or in some other Fellow member Country of the European union at least 60 days during the last three months, are non interdicted and do not serve a custodial sentence[45] Each national of a Member State of the European Marriage, who is not a Bulgarian denizen, shall have the right to elect Members of the European Parliament for the Commonwealth of Republic of bulgaria if the said person has attained the age of xviii years past polling day, is not interdicted, does not serve a custodial sentence, has a certificate for residence status in the Republic of bulgaria, has resided in the Republic of Republic of bulgaria or in another Fellow member Country of the European Union at least sixty days during the last three months, is not deprived of the correct to elect in the Member State of which the person is a national, and has stated in advance, by a announcement in writing, the desire thereof to exercise his or her right to vote inside the territory of the Republic of Republic of bulgaria.[45]	Bulgarian citizen who has attained the historic period of 21 years by polling mean solar day, does not hold the citizenship of whatever Country that is not a Member State of the European Union, is not interdicted, does not serve a custodial judgement, has a permanent accost in the Democracy of Bulgaria, and has resided in the Republic of Bulgaria or in another Member State of the Eu at to the lowest degree during the terminal 6 months.[46] Whatever national of a Member State of the European union, who is non a Bulgarian denizen, has attained the age of 21 years by polling day, does non hold the citizenship of any State that is not a Member Country of the European Union, is non interdicted, does not serve a custodial sentence, is not deprived of the right to be elected in the Member State of which the person is a national, enjoys a durable or permanent residence status for the Republic of Bulgaria, has resided in the Democracy of Bulgaria or in another Member State of the Eu at to the lowest degree during the last half-dozen months, and has stated, by a declaration in writing, the desire thereof to be elected.[47]
Croatia	Croatian citizens aged 18 or over European Spousal relationship citizens resident in Croatia enrolled in the electoral annals at least 30 days before the election.[48]	European Marriage citizens resident in Croatia enrolled in the electoral register at least thirty days earlier the election.[49]
Cyprus
Czech republic	European Spousal relationship citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are registered in the register of citizens for at least 45 days before polling day, unless a statutory limitation is imposed for reasons of protection of wellness or withdrawal or legal capacity.[50]	European Union citizens
Denmark	Danish citizens anile eighteen or over on polling mean solar day who are resident in Denmark or another European union member state, unless deprived of legal capacity. Eu citizens aged 18 or over on polling 24-hour interval and resident in Denmark, unless deprived of legal capacity.[51]	European Union citizens eligible to vote, unless they have been convicted of an activeness that in the public opinion makes them unworthy of beingness a fellow member of the European Parliament.
Estonia	European Union citizens anile xviii or over on polling day and whose address is entered in the population register. A person who has been divested of their active legal chapters with regard to the right to vote and a person who has been convicted of a crime and is serving sentence in a penal institution, cannot vote.[52]	European Matrimony citizens at least 21 years of historic period and satisfying the requirements of the correct to cast a vote, except members of the Defence Forces.
Republic of finland	Every Finnish citizen aged 18 or over on polling mean solar day, regardless of domicile. Eu citizens anile 18 or over on polling day and who are enrolled on the voting register in Finland and whose municipality of residence, as defined by constabulary, is in Finland on the 51st day before election solar day, unless he/she has lost the right to vote in the Member State whose citizen he/she is.[53]	Finnish citizens entitled to vote and not legally incompetent. European Union citizens who are entitled to vote, registered with and entered into the voting register in Finland and not lost the right to stand as a candidate in elections in his/her dwelling state.[54]
France	French citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident in France and enrolled in the electoral annals. French citizens aged xviii or over on polling solar day resident outside France and entered either in the consular register of electors (la liste électorale consulaire) or in the register of a municipality with which they are related (place of birth, last residence in France, municipality of one of forebears, spouse or relatives, municipality where they own a residence or pay local taxes) .[55] European Wedlock citizens resident in France, anile 18 or over on polling twenty-four hours and enrolled in the electoral register.[56]	European Matrimony citizens anile 23 or over.
Germany	European union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident in Germany, if they are resident in member states of the Eu for at least three months. Additionally, German citizens anile 18 or over who have lived in Germany for at least three sequent months within the last 25 years when they were at least aged 14.	European Union citizens aged 18 or over.
Greece	Greek citizens aged 17 or over on polling day who are resident in Greece and registered in the electoral roll in a Greek municipality or community, unless deprived of legal chapters.[57] [58] Greek citizens aged 17 or over on polling twenty-four hours who are resident in another Eu member state, registered in the electoral gyre in a Greek municipality or customs and take submitted an awarding to vote overseas to the Greek embassy or consulate in their land of residence on or before 31 March 2014 [ needs update ], unless deprived of legal chapters.[59] [57] [58] European Union citizens aged 17 or over on polling day, resident in Greece and registered in the electoral roll on or before 3 March 2014 [ needs update ].[60] [57] [58] Voting is compulsory.[57] [58]	European union citizens aged 25 or over, unless deprived of legal capacity.
Hungary	Hungarian citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and whose municipality of residence is in Hungary. (automatically listed in the electoral register) European Marriage citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and whose municipality of residence is in Hungary and have submitted a notification to be listed in the balloter register.	Any European Union citizens who are entitled to vote (whose municipality of residence is in Hungary).
Ireland	European union citizens who are unremarkably resident in the Republic of Ireland on 1 September in the year before the Register of Electors comes into strength.[61] Irish gaelic citizens who are officials on duty abroad (and their spouses) who are registered on the postal voters list.	European union citizens over the historic period of 21, not otherwise disqualified from election to the Dáil.
Italy	Italian and European Wedlock citizens anile 18 or over on polling twenty-four hour period who are resident in Italy and enrolled in the electoral listing of their boondocks of residence upwards to 19 days before polling day.[62] Italian citizens aged xviii or over on polling solar day who are resident in other European union fellow member states and have submitted an application to the Italian consulate up to eighteen days earlier polling day. Italian citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident outside the European Union for the purpose of work, report or living with family and take submitted an application to the Italian consulate up to 18 days before polling day.	European Union citizens aged 25 or over on polling solar day and non deprived of the right to stand in their domicile country.
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg	Luxembourgish citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident in Luxembourg or overseas and enrolled in the electoral list up to 87 days before polling 24-hour interval.[63] Eu citizens resident in Luxembourg for at least two years, aged 18 or over on polling twenty-four hour period and enrolled in the electoral listing up to 87 days earlier polling day.[64] Voting is compulsory.	Luxembourgish citizens anile eighteen or over on polling mean solar day and resident in Luxembourg.[65] European Union citizens aged eighteen or over on polling twenty-four hour period and resident in Luxembourg for at least 5 years.
Malta	Maltese citizens aged 18 or over on polling day.
Netherlands	Dutch citizens aged eighteen or over on polling day. European Union citizens resident in the Netherlands, aged 18 or over on polling mean solar day and not deprived of the right to stand in their domicile country.	European Union citizens anile 18 or over on polling day. Any people aged 18 or over on polling day and legally resident in the European Matrimony at the time of campaigning.[66]
Poland	Polish citizens anile 18 or over on polling day who are resident exterior Poland and registered to vote. European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Poland and registered to vote.	Eu citizens aged 21 or over on polling solar day and resident in Poland or the European Spousal relationship for at least 5 years, were never sentenced for a law-breaking committed consciously or defendant by a prosecutor.
Portugal	European Union citizens anile eighteen or over on polling twenty-four hours who are resident in Portugal and registered to vote.[67] Portuguese citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident outside Portugal and registered to vote. Brazilian citizens enjoying special status of equal political rights in Portugal (cidadãos brasileiros com estatuto especial de igualdade de direitos políticos) aged xviii or over on polling day who are resident in Portugal and registered to vote.[68]	European Marriage citizens. Brazilian citizens enjoying special condition of equal political rights in Portugal (cidadãos brasileiros com estatuto especial de igualdade de direitos políticos) aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Portugal and registered to vote.[69]
Romania	Romanian citizens aged 18 or over on polling 24-hour interval, regardless of domicile. European Union citizens aged eighteen or over on polling twenty-four hour period and whose municipality of residence is in Romania.	European Wedlock citizens who are entitled to vote.
Slovakia
Slovenia
Kingdom of spain	Spanish citizens aged 18 or over on polling day. Eu citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are recorded in the annals kept by the Municipal Council of their municipality of residence (Padrón) and have formally expressed their wish to vote in the European Parliament ballot in Spain.[70]	European Union citizens
Sweden	Swedish citizens aged eighteen or over on polling day who are, or at some time accept been, registered residents in Sweden. European Marriage citizens anile eighteen or over on polling twenty-four hours who are current registered residents in Sweden and have submitted a notification to be listed on the electoral roll.[71]	European Matrimony citizens

Meet too [edit]

• Democratic legitimacy of the European Union
• History of the Eu
• Engagement of the European Committee

References [edit]

1. ^ "EU elections 2019: State-by-country total results". Euronews. 25 May 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
2. ^ "Euro election land-by-state". BBC News. 7 June 2009. Retrieved i May 2010.
3. ^ "Redistribution of seats in the European Parliament later on Brexit". European Parliament. 31 Jan 2020. Retrieved 10 Feb 2020.
4. ^ European Parliament: Welcome europarl.europa.eu
5. ^ "European political parties". European Parliament.
6. ^ ^{a b} The European Parliament: balloter procedures europarl.europa.eu
7. ^ The election of members of the European Parliament European Navigator
8. ^ "Composition of the European Parliament with a view to the 2014 elections". Europa.eu. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
9. ^ The European Elections europarl.europa.eu
10. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2013. Retrieved xvi Dec 2012. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as championship (link)
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58. ^ ^{a b c d}
    • "Εκλογή μελών του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και άλλες διατάξεις." [Ballot of Members of the European Parliament and other provisions.]. ActNo. 4255/2014of11 April 2014 (in Greek). Hellenic Parliament. , article one, paragraph one:

      Η εκλογή των μελών του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου στις έδρες που κάθε φορά αναλογούν στην Ελλάδα, διενεργείται με άμεση, καθολική και μυστική ψηφοφορία από τους πολίτες που έχουν το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν, σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις των άρθρων 4, v και 6 του π.δ. 26/2012 «Κωδικοποίηση σε ενιαίο κείμενο των διατάξεων της νομοθεσίας για την εκλογή βουλευτών» (Α΄ 57). Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν και οι πολίτες των λοιπών κρατών − μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης κατά τα οριζόμενα στο ν. 2196/1994 (Α΄ 41). Η άσκηση του εκλογικού δικαιώματος είναι υποχρεωτική.

      In English:

      Election of Members of the European Parliament in the seats each time allocated to Greece shall be effected past direct, universal and secret ballot by the citizens entitled to vote in accord with the provisions of Articles 4, 5 and 6 of the Presidential Decree. 26/2012 'Codification in a single text of the provisions of the legislation on the election of Members' (A 57). The citizens of other Fellow member States of the European Spousal relationship have the right to vote, as provided for in Law 2196/1994 (A 41). Exercise of the correct to vote is compulsory.

      
      Referencing:
    • "Κωδικοποίηση σ' ενιαίο κείμενο των διατάξεων της νομοθεσίας για την εκλογή βουλευτών" [Codification in a unmarried text of the provisions of the legislation on the election of Members of the Hellenic Parliament]. Presidential PrescriptNo. 26/2012ofxv March 2012 (in Greek). Greek President. Retrieved seven March 2019. , article 4, paragraph 1:

      Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν οι πολίτες Έλληνες και Ελληνίδες που συμπλήρωσαν το δέκατο όγδοο έτος της ηλικίας τους.

      
      In English:

      Greek citizens who have reached the age of 18 take the right to vote."

      
      Last changed by....:
    • "Αναλογική εκπροσώπηση των πολιτικών κομμάτων, διεύρυνση του δικαιώματος εκλέγειν και άλλες διατάξεις περί εκλογής Βουλευτών" [Proportional representation of political parties, widening of the correct to vote and other provisions on the ballot of Members]. ActNo. 4406/2016of22 July 2016 (in Greek). Greek President. Retrieved 7 March 2019. , article 1:

      Η παρ. 1 του άρθρου four του Π.δ. 26/2012 (Α ́57) αντι-καθίσταται ως εξής: «1. Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν οι πολίτες Έλλη-νες και Ελληνίδες που συμπλήρωσαν το δέκατο έβδομο (17ο) έτος της ηλικίας τους».

      
      In English:

      Commodity i (one) of the PD. 26/2012 (A 57) is replaced by the following: «1. The citizens of Greece and Greeks who have reached their seventeenth (17th) year of age have the right to vote.»

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External links [edit]

• EU-NED dataset: subnational ballot data in European Parliament elections, 1990-2020
• Section devoted to the 2009 ballot on the European Parliament website
• Adam Carr's Election Archive
• European Ballot Studies
• The European Parliament and Supranational Party System (Cambridge University Press 2002)
• Archive of European Integration (AEI) > Institutional Administration, Developments & Reform > Parliament > Elections
• EPP Juncker 2014 campaign site
• Election Results 2016

How Do I Register To Stand As An Mep,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament

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